Growing rods in early-onset scoliosis.
نویسندگان
چکیده
Pain or numbness in the neck, upper extremity, low back and/or leg is not infrequently caused by non-spinal conditions, which may be misdiagnosed as a wide variety of diseases: myelopathy, radiculopathy, discopathy, spondyloarthropathy or entrapment neuropathy. K Point syndrome is a symptom combination characterized by positive tenderness at K Point, which is located at the cranial musculotendinous junction of the cleido-occipital (CO) head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM), and the following signs in members of the K Point muscle group on the same side: tenderness at muscle ends, squeeze pain at muscle bellies, and stretch pain. According to this definition, K Point syndrome covers most non-specific pain including Barre syndrome, repetitive stress injuries, post-whiplash syndrome and myofascial pain or fibromyalgia, and even frozen shoulder and acute low back pain attack. In addition to K Point, tenderness is widely found at the musculotendinous or muscle-to-bone junctions of muscles, for example, at the pectoralis minor, the 1st dorsal interosseous of the hand, the 1st intercostal, the infraspinatus and the 1st dorsal interosseous of the foot. Squeeze pain is positive in the belly of the CO head and those of other muscles near the symptomatic site. For example, in patients with low back pain, a squeeze of the external oblique abdominal causes pain. Similarly, in patients with numbness in the hand or foot, a squeeze of the intrinsic muscles in it causes pain. Active or passive stretch of muscles near the symptomatic site causes pain. For example, in patients with low back pain, side bending of the lumbar spine causes pain in the flank on the opposite side. As for numbness in the hand and foot, passive stretch of the intrinsic muscles such as the abductor pollicis brevis and interosseous in the hand and the flexor hallucis brevis and interosseous in the foot causes pain, respectively. K point block, local anesthesia with 2 ml of lidocaine, at K Point is effective to stop or improve the pain. Physical Examination For K Point Syndrome Shoichi Kokubun Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Disorders, NHO Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Japan 54 4-Sunday_OA1 6/25/12 4:23 PM Page 54
منابع مشابه
Growing rod analysis for the fusionless correction of Early Onset Scoliosis (EOS)
Introduction Managing spinal deformities in young children is challenging, particularly early onset scoliosis (EOS). Surgical intervention is often required if EOS has been unresponsive to conservative treatment particularly with rapidly progressive curves. An emerging treatment option for EOS is fusionless scoliosis surgery. Similar to bracing, this surgical option potentially harnesses growth...
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ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society
دوره 16 9 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2016